Abstract
Multidrug-resistant (MDR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa poses a severe healthcare threat due to biofilm-mediated antibiotic tolerance. This study evaluated the synergistic effects of combining lytic bacteriophages, isolated from sewage, with conventional antibiotics to combat MDR P. aeruginosa biofilms. Biofilm inhibition and eradication were quantified using crystal violet staining and colony-forming unit enumeration. Results demonstrated that phage-antibiotic combinations significantly reduced both biofilm biomass and bacterial viability compared to monotherapies. Notably, ciprofloxacin and colistin exhibited strong synergistic interactions when paired with phages. These findings suggest that integrated phage-antibiotic therapy represents a highly promising strategy for eradicating persistent biofilm-associated infections.
