Abstract
Integrated Nutrient Management (INM) is an effective approach for enhancing crop productivity while maintaining soil health. The present study evaluated the effect of different combinations of inorganic fertilizers, organic manures, and biofertilizers on the growth and yield of palak (Spinacia oleracea L.). The experiment was conducted during the Rabi season using a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with eight treatments and three replications. Observations were recorded on growth, yield, quality, and soil fertility parameters. The treatment comprising 50% Recommended Dose of Fertilizers (RDF) + Farmyard Manure (FYM) + Vermicompost +Azotobacter + Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria (PSB) (T₈) recorded the highest plant height (38.2 cm), number of leaves (30.8), fresh weight (131.7 g), chlorophyll content (45.3 SPAD), and yield (21.70 t ha⁻¹). The study demonstrated that integrated nutrient management significantly improves nutrient use efficiency, crop productivity, soil fertility, and economic returns, making it a sustainable nutrient management strategy for commercial palak cultivation.
