Abstract
The accelerating pace of global trade and climate change has significantly influenced ecological stability worldwide. One of the most critical consequences of these processes is the spread of Invasive Alien Species (IAS), increasingly transported across regions through trade activities and thriving in new environments due to changing climatic conditions. Findings reveal that IAS follow major trade routes, with climate change enhancing their survival and establishment in diverse habitats. The resulting invasions pose serious threats to provisioning, regulating, supporting, and cultural ecosystem services, disrupting biodiversity and ecosystem functions vital to human well-being. It emphasizes the urgent need for integrated strategies combining ecological, economic, and regulatory approaches to mitigate the impacts of IAS and safeguard ecosystem resilience. This research contributes to informed policymaking and sustainable environmental management in the face of global change.
